
Medical Diets
Let food be thy medicine…
Eating and choosing what to eat is a regular part of our daily lives. Food provides the fuel we need to grow, think, move, and sleep. Foods that may help one person thrive may promote illness in another. Medical or therapeutic diets are used to determine and remove the specific foods that contribute to symptoms and the addition of foods that encourage healthier metabolism. Navigating these specialized diets can be challenging and medically complex, often requiring the guidance of a clinician. The Vital Kids Medicine team works together with you and your family to help you safely utilize therapeutic diets as part of your healing process.
GAPS
GAPS stands for Gut and Psychology Syndrome. Developed by Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride and based on the premise that gastrointestinal dysfunction is a major underlying contributor to behavioral and developmental issues of childhood. Learn more
Ketogenic/ MAD
The ketogenic diet is a very low carbohydrate, high fat, and moderate protein diet. It was originally designed by Dr. Russell Wilder at the Mayo Clinic to treat children with difficult-to-control epilepsy. This diet has been shown to control seizure activity in some and is often recommended when a child has not responded to several different seizure medications.
The ketogenic diet induces a state of ketosis- where the body creates ketones from fat as its source of energy, rather than glucose. Normally carbohydrates (in the form of glucose) are used as the body’s primary fuel source, but on the ketogenic diet fat is the predominant fuel. The classic ketogenic diet plan consists of a 4:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate and protein, where 90% of calories come from fat. It is thought that ketones, derived from this high fat state, positively affect neuronal metabolism by acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, producing an anticonvulsant effect.
The Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is also a very low carbohydrate, high fat, and moderate protein diet that was created at Johns Hopkins Hospital to offer a less restrictive dietary treatment than the ketogenic diet. The plan consists of a 1:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate and protein, where approximately 70% of calories are from fat. The MAD has been shown to be as effective as the ketogenic diet in some individuals and it is also used for those who have not responded well to seizure medications.
FODMAPS
The acronym FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides And Polyols. FODMAPs are short-chain carbohydrates that are incompletely digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. When these carbohydrates remain undigested the gut, they are easily fermented by gut bacteria and can produce gases (hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide)- leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, distention, constipation, and/or diarrhea. FODMAPs are also highly osmotic (they pull water into the intestinal tract) and can further cause cramping or diarrhea.
Common FODMAPs include:
- Fructose: A monosaccharide found in many fruits, vegetables, and added sweeteners.
- Lactose: A disaccharide found in dairy products like milk.
- Fructans: Oligosaccharides found in many foods including gluten-containing grains, vegetables, and inulin.
- Galactans: Oligosaccharides found in beans and legumes.
- Polyols: Sugar alcohols like xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol and mannitol found in some fruits and vegetables, and often used as sweeteners.
GF/CF
The Gluten-Free/Casein-Free (GF/CF) Diet aims to remove two potential triggering food groups form the diet. Gluten and casein are two proteins found in many grains and dairy products, respectively. Ideally, these proteins are completely digested in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed as amino acids. When there is incomplete breakdown of these proteins, peptides (long chains of amino acids) are absorbed. Peptides from gluten (gluteomorphins) and casein (casomorphins) have the ability to bind to the opioid receptors in the brain and GI tract. This process can mimic the effects that an opiate drug would have on the body and can cause significant behavior changes and challenges.
Food Sensitivity/ Allergy Avoidance/ Rotation Diets
Food allergies and food sensitivities are on the rise and even though the numbers are increasing, there is no clear answer as to why. To protect against the adverse reactions caused by food allergies and sensitivities, there are specific dietary approaches that aim to reduce symptom presentation including the elimination diet, rotation diet, and the allergy avoidance diet.
The elimination diet removes any food suspected of causing an allergy or intolerance for a period of time and is then systematically reintroduced or challenged to determine cause and severity of symptoms. The rotation diet can also be beneficial for those with known allergies or sensitivities. During the rotation diet, problematic foods are eaten only once every three to four days allowing the immune system to recover. The allergy avoidance diet is the complete removal of a known problem food from the diet. The most common allergenic foods include wheat, dairy, corn, soy, eggs, fish, shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts; but food reactions are not limited to just these.
